Monetary activism

To douse the inflationary fire,the recommendation by the high level RBI committee must be worked upon with urgency and earnestness. 

India’s central bank, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is up with yet another concerted effort to combat the notoriously high inflation. A committee headed by RBI Deputy Governor Urjit Patel has recommended pegging monetary management with the Consumer Price Index (CPI) instead of the current practice of the Wholesale Price Index (WPI). Observers believe that the move is commendable since it is the CPI which directly affects the consumers, unlike the WPI. The recommendation, if accepted, will line the RBI in tune with the global central banks which target CPI as a nominal anchor.

However, there are reservations against this proposed step. Food and fuel inflation constitutes more than 50 per cent of the CPI. It is being pointed out that food and fuel price volatility will be difficult to accommodate in the policy decisions once CPI becomes the reference point of monetary policy. This seems a valid point. Nevertheless, instead of taking this into account what causes frequent variations in food and fuel prices in the first place is what one should look at.

Let’s first discuss the food prices. Though weather conditions have a role to play, government policies and supply side bottlenecks are the principle protagonists in the big picture. Without specifying how it would generate enough foodgrain to run, for instance, the Right to Food Security programme, the government chose to go ahead and implement it. Disregarding how it would meet the revved up demand due to increase in rural wages by MNEREGS on the ground, it is still choosing to run it. Also, no justification has been given as to why the Food Corporation of India (FCI) continues to hoard massive quantities of foodgrain, much of it is often left to rot and consumed by rats. Nor is there a grip on opportunist intermediaries either who hoard and block the food chain supply to inflate prices for purely vested interests driven by profit and greed. No legal action seems to follow in these cases of organised horading. Fluctuation in onion prices late last year is the best example of such deliberately manipulated price inflation. 

Coming to fuel prices, no government anywhere in the world can foresee fluctuation in international crude oil prices. The internal mechanism of setting up prices factors in such fluctuations. Unfortunately, India’s internal mechanism itself is faulty. There is no clarity on fuel prices which have been highly subsidized by government. Whether the benefits of subsidy reaches the needy or is enjoyed by the consumerist rich is a chronic debate. The case of subsidising diesel for swanky SUVs etc, is a glaring example.

That said, the food and fuel prices fluctuate due to the non visionary approach of the government. The failing of government should not be imputed as a hurdle on the progressive path of treating CPI inflation as the nominal anchor.

CPI inflation stood at 9.9 per cent in December. If it becomes the nominal anchor, it is feared that interest rates will have to be hiked dramatically to bring it under control. This is not something the government would like to hear at in the current phase since all it wants is to spur growth while an apparent economic slow-down stalks it relentlessly. It is true that the war against inflation is fought on the cost of growth. But, before citing this inflation-growth debate as a criticism, it is important to read the Urjit Patel committee report in-depth. The committee recommends targeting CPI at 4 per cent within the two years with the wiggle room of 2 per cent in either direction. It does not make a case to raise the repo rate in the next monetary policy review.  What the RBI panel is really looking at is to bring CPI inflation down to 8 per cent over the “next 12 months” and to 6 per cent the following year. Going by the Patel committee’s formula, a repo rate hike is therefore not in order at least until early 2015.

India’s Economic Affairs Secretary Arvind Mayaram has called the focus on CPI a “premature step” but there is a strong case for India’s monetary policy to be steered by CPI inflation. It is this inflationary trend which really impacts domestic households and influences their investment decisions. There has been much dispute between a government demanding growth and ‘inflation warrior’ RBI. It is high time to bring a decisive end to it.

Taming inflation is important even at the cost of growth because the virtuous cycle wheeled by a controlled inflation will spontaneously infuse growth in the economy; but the vice versa is not possible. Therefore, the recommendation by the high level RBI committee must be worked upon with urgency and earnestness without losing time.

Divestment Dilemma

Government will have to understand that   

diluting government control on PSUs by stake sales or getting them to divulge their profits as bonus is not the way to fund fiscal deficit.

With another fiscal year coming to an end in three months, the government is staggering hard to achieve its divestment target in public sector undertakings. Divestment in PSUs is important for maintaining the budgeted level of fiscal deficit but given the unfavorable market conditions at present and general elections looming in, a successful divestment program is highly unlikely. That government has 5,000 crore in its kitty with 40,000 crore to garner before the end of FY 14, is of ample proof how serious it has been to achieve this target.

Ideally the purpose behind divestment is to scale up the efficiency of firms by privatization. As per Anshuman Tiwari, the economic analyst and financial editor of Dainik Jagaran, “There is history of debates in India on purpose of PSU divestment. Divestment is the process to infuse efficiency in PSUs via reduction in government control and making them widely held but lately governments have been employing it to raise funds when they fall short of revenues to meet its fiscal deficit target.”